study on certain hormonal disturbances in breast carcinoma

Seven hormones were studied in 23 cases of cancer breast 16 preoperative and 7 postoperative. The 7 hormones studied were GH, prolactin, T4, T3, ACTH, estrogen and progesterone. Ten matched controls were studied at the same time for comparison. No significant changes were noticed in GH and ACTH, in preoperative and postoperative T4 cases as compared with controls. Significant decrease was noted in preoperative T4 and prolactin and in both preoperative and postoperative in T3 cases and increase in progesterone and estrogen in preoperative and postoperative periods as compared with the control level. Also, GH and ACTH showed significant drop postoperatively as compared with the preoperative as well as control levels. T4 showed a marked decrease in preoperative cases as compared with normal controls and the level return to normal in postoperative period. Follow up of patients with breast carcinoma before and after surgery may have an important role for better understanding of such hormonal changes and thus helps in the study of biological behavior of tumors

Hormonal study in bladder carcinoma

In this study, 7 hormones were estimated in the sera of 19 cases of cancer bladder, 14 preoperative and 5 postoperative. These hormones were GH, T3, T4 ACTH, prolactin, estrogen and progesterone. Ten matched controls were done at the same time for comparison

Regenerative power of transplanted homologous bone marrow versus splenic lymphocytes in heavily irradiated mice [immunoglobulins study]

Evaluation of total plasma protein and protein electrophoresis was carried out on 30 Swiss albino mice heavily irradiatied [850 rad.]. This is in addition to 10 mice not irradiated and considered as normal healthy control. Five of the 30 mice irradiated were kept as irradiated control [Group A1]. 15 of irradiated mice were given bone marrow cells [group A 2]. While the other ten were given splenic cells [group A 3]. The irradiated control group [group A 1] died on the third day. On the end of the 4th week the percentage survival in group A 2 was '70%, while only 16% of the [group A 3] survived. The mean value of gamma globulin showed significant difference between bone marrow injected group [group A 2] and splenic injected group [group A 3], at the end of the 1 st week as well as at the end of the 4 th week [P> 0.01]. It is concluded that although splenic transplant may be of value as an alternative method, yet the regenerative power of transplanted homologous bone marrow cells is more efficient with better survival rate than transplanted splenic cells

Cytophotometric analysis of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia and leukosarcoma as compared to adult all, leukosarcoma and CLL

Cytophotometric analysis of 104 untreated leukemic patients and 12 controls was performed. The P50 of the DNA value of the control lymphocytes was 11.5 A. U., and the P90 was 14.5 A.U. [used as the upper limit of diploid level]. Children <12 years with ALL constitute from 63% to 71.4% of all cases, and only 50% of LS. The rest are adults. With the exception of CLL, all cases of ALL and leukosarcoma had higher DNA content than normal control. Histograms done showed that the majority of the cells of controls to be in the diploid range. The CLL cases gave type I histogram close to the normal control lymphocyte pattern. As regards ALL, cytophotometry showed that FAB classification is valid and each subtype gives specific histogram: L1 gave type II, L2 and LS gave type III, and L3 gave characteristic bimodel type IV in diploid and triploid regions. Study of cell cycle, normal cells lie mostly in GO/G1 [over 95%], 4.7% in S phase and none in G2 or M phases. Most cells of CLL [96.8%] in GO/G1, 3.1% in S, 0.05% in G2/M, and 0.05% were out of cycle [5c]. L1 showed 87.4% in GO/G1, 11.8% in S, 0.7% in G2/M, and 0.1% out of cycle [6C]. L2 showed 76.3% in GO/G1, 15.1% in S, 5.6% in G2/M, and 3% out of cycle [5c to 8c]. L3 showed 50.2% in GO/G1, 43.3% in S, 5% in G2/M, and 1.5% out of cycle [5c region]. LS was close to L2 showing 79.2% in GO/G1, 17.4% in S, 3% in G2/M, and 0.33% out of cycle [5c to 8c]

Further study on FAB-E [Egyptian modification of FAB classification] concerning acute myeloid and monocytic leukemia

In a previous work, Egyptian modification of FAB [FAB-E] was proposed in which cases with mixed criteria between L1 and L2 were simply classified as L1 and L2 subtype and the same for L2-L3 subtype. They were found to hold midway positions as regards prognosis between L1 and L2 in the first and L2 and L3 in the second. This work is extended to include acute myeloid and monocytic leukemias. A total of 173 cases of AML [98 adults and 75 children] were classified on morphologic basis into M1 with the vast majority of cells pure non- granulated primitive myeloblasts [9 adults and 6 children], M2a with the vast majority of cells are mixed myeloblasts and leukoblasts [42 adults and 22 children], and M2b with mixed blasts and promyelocytes [47 adults and 47 children]. The prognosis showed better remissions and response as it goes from M1 to M2a, to M2b. Thirty cases [19 adults and 11 children] of monocytic leukemia were also studied and subdivided into M5a with primitive monoblasts, mostly undifferentiated, with little promonocytes and monocytes if any [5 adult and 3 children], M5b with mixed monoblasts and promonocytes; over 30% and the rest mature monocytes [11 adults and 5 children], and M5c with the majority mature monocytes and few monoblasts and/or promonocytes [3 adults and 3 children]. As regards prognosis it was found to be worst in M5a, less worse in M5b, and least worse in M5c

Proposed new characterization of difficult acute myeloblastic leukemia cases [M1], children versus adults

Difficult cases of AML especially M1 may be misdiagnosed as ALL [L2]. A trial of morphological characterization is proposed: Regularity of the chainy chromatin network [even if thick and without scattered clumps as seen in lymphoid cells] and good contrast with the clear nuclear sap; mouth-like nuclear fold with a receding upper lip [very rare and not regular in lymphoblasts, common in monoblasts, and sometimes in myeloblasts]; turbid patches in the cytoplasm giving cytoplasmic heterogenicity. Any criterion or combination of two or the three helped in separating AML [M1] cases misdiagnosed as ALL [L2], and was confirmed cytochemically